12 Gauge vs. 20 Gauge vs. 16 Gauge vs. 28 Gauge vs. .410 Bore: Choosing the Best Shotgun Caliber for Hunting Gadwall
Find the perfect shotgun caliber to bag more Gadwall this season.
For waterfowl hunters, choosing the right shotgun caliber can feel like trying to pick the perfect fishing lure—there are too many options, and everyone has an opinion. When it comes to hunting Gadwall, a medium-sized duck known for its fast flight and sharp reflexes, your choice of caliber can make or break your day in the blind. So, which shotgun caliber is best suited for these agile birds? Let’s break it down.
Caliber Comparisons
| Feature | 12 gauge | 20 gauge | 16 gauge | 28 gauge | .410 bore |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gauge Size The size of the bore, which affects the amount of shot and power. |
12 gauge | 20 gauge | 16 gauge | 28 gauge | .410 bore |
| Recoil The amount of kick felt when firing. |
High | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Very Low |
| Effective Range The distance at which the caliber is effective for hunting Gadwall. |
40-50 yards | 30-40 yards | 35-45 yards | 25-35 yards | 20-30 yards |
| Shot Payload The amount of shot delivered per shell, impacting spread and lethality. |
High | Moderate | Moderate-High | Low | Very Low |
| Weight of Gun How heavy the shotgun typically is, affecting portability. |
Heavy | Light | Moderate | Very Light | Extremely Light |
12 gauge
The 12 gauge is the most versatile and powerful shotgun caliber, capable of handling a wide range of hunting scenarios. Its large shot payload and effective range make it a top choice for waterfowl hunters, including those targeting Gadwall. However, its heavier recoil and gun weight may not suit everyone.
Pros
- High shot payload
- Longest effective range
- Widely available ammunition
Cons
- Heavy recoil
- Heavier gun weight
Interesting Fact: The 12 gauge is so popular that it accounts for nearly 50% of all shotgun sales in the U.S.
Consider this Caliber If…
You want maximum power and versatility for waterfowl hunting.
20 gauge
The 20 gauge is a lighter, more manageable option that still packs enough punch for Gadwall hunting. It offers a good balance of power, recoil, and portability, making it a popular choice for younger or smaller-framed hunters.
Pros
- Moderate recoil
- Lighter gun weight
- Good effective range
Cons
- Slightly less shot payload than 12 gauge
Interesting Fact: The 20 gauge is often called the ‘gentleman’s gun’ because of its lighter recoil and elegant handling.
Consider this Caliber If…
You want a lighter shotgun with manageable recoil for waterfowl hunting.
16 gauge
The 16 gauge is often referred to as the ‘sweet spot’ between the 12 and 20 gauges. It offers a solid shot payload and effective range while maintaining moderate recoil. Though less common than its counterparts, it’s a great choice for hunters who want a balance of power and portability.
Pros
- Good balance of power and recoil
- Effective range for Gadwall
- Unique and classic
Cons
- Less common ammunition availability
- Limited shotgun models
Interesting Fact: The 16 gauge was once the most popular shotgun caliber in the U.S. before the 12 gauge took over.
Consider this Caliber If…
You want a classic, balanced shotgun caliber for waterfowl hunting.
28 gauge
The 28 gauge is a lightweight option that is ideal for close-range hunting and smaller game. While it can handle Gadwall, its lower shot payload and shorter effective range make it better suited for hunters who prioritize portability over power.
Pros
- Low recoil
- Very lightweight
- Easy to handle
Cons
- Shorter effective range
- Lower shot payload
Interesting Fact: The 28 gauge is often favored by upland bird hunters for its lightweight and quick handling.
Consider this Caliber If…
You prefer a lightweight shotgun for close-range hunting.
.410 bore
The .410 bore is the smallest and lightest shotgun caliber, making it a niche choice for Gadwall hunting. Its low shot payload and short effective range mean it requires precise aim and is best suited for experienced hunters or those looking for a challenge.
Pros
- Extremely low recoil
- Lightweight and portable
- Great for beginners
Cons
- Very short effective range
- Minimal shot payload
Interesting Fact: The .410 bore is often used to introduce young hunters to shotguns due to its minimal recoil.
Consider this Caliber If…
You are an experienced hunter looking for a lightweight challenge.
Conclusion
Choosing the right shotgun caliber for hunting Gadwall depends on your priorities. The 12 gauge offers unmatched power and range, while the 20 gauge and 16 gauge provide a balanced mix of performance and portability. For lightweight options, the 28 gauge and .410 bore are excellent but require careful consideration of their limitations. Whether you are a seasoned hunter or a beginner, there is a shotgun caliber that fits your needs. Ready to gear up? Start shopping for your perfect shotgun today.